Palavras-chave
Teoria Pós-Estruturalista
Teoria Pós-Moderna
Teoria Feminista
Teoria Pós-Colonial
Como Citar
Resumo
Objetivo: Apresentar as origens históricas da Teoria Crítica na tradição da Escola de Frankfurt, esclarecer as distinções conceituais entre a Teoria Crítica e movimentos intelectuais correlatos e discutir sua relevância e aplicações na enfermagem. Método: Reflexão teórica fundamentada na literatura clássica e nas experiências dos autores no ensino de epistemologia da enfermagem. Quatro áreas temáticas foram examinadas: Teoria Pós-estruturalista, Teoria Pós-moderna, Teoria Feminista e Teoria Pós-colonial. Resultados: A análise destacou a persistente confusão conceitual em relação à Teoria Crítica, particularmente no que diz respeito aos pensadores da primeira e segunda gerações da Escola de Frankfurt e aos movimentos teóricos subsequentes. Estabeleceram-se distinções entre a Teoria Crítica e as abordagens pós-estruturalistas, pós-modernas, feministas e pós-coloniais. Foram apresentados exemplos que demonstram como essas perspectivas têm sido incorporadas na pesquisa, no ensino e na prática da enfermagem. Conclusão: A Teoria Crítica oferece caminhos importantes para a reflexão sobre a ciência da enfermagem e a prática profissional. Ao delinear conceitos-chave fundamentados em perspectivas socio-históricas e epistemológicas, este artigo fornece um referencial relevante para profissionais e estudantes de enfermagem.
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