Palabras clave
Teoría postestructuralista
Teoría posmoderna
Teoría feminista
Teoría poscolonial
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivo: Este artículo presenta los orígenes históricos de la Teoría Crítica dentro de la tradición de la Escuela de Frankfurt, aclara las distinciones conceptuales entre la Teoría Crítica y movimientos intelectuales afines, y analiza su relevancia y aplicaciones en enfermería. Método: Reflexión teórica fundamentada en la literatura clásica y la experiencia de los autores en la enseñanza de la epistemología de la enfermería. Se examinaron cuatro áreas temáticas: Teoría Postestructuralista, Teoría Posmoderna, Teoría Feminista y Teoría Poscolonial. Resultados: El análisis puso de manifiesto la persistente confusión conceptual en torno a la Teoría Crítica, especialmente en lo que respecta a los pensadores de la primera y segunda generación de la Escuela de Frankfurt y movimientos teóricos posteriores. Se establecieron distinciones entre la Teoría Crítica y los enfoques postestructuralista, posmoderno, feminista y poscolonial. Se presentaron ejemplos que demuestran cómo estas perspectivas se han incorporado a la investigación, la docencia y la práctica de la enfermería. Conclusión: La Teoría Crítica ofrece importantes vías de reflexión sobre la ciencia y la práctica profesional de la enfermería. Al delinear conceptos clave basados en perspectivas sociohistóricas y epistemológicas, este artículo proporciona un marco relevante para profesionales y estudiantes de enfermería.
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