SCOPING REVIEW

World Café in health education and scientific research: scope review protocol

Noeli das Neves Toledo1, Gilsirene Scantelbury de Almeida1, Nair Chase da Silva1, Janaína Moreno de Siqueira2, Lina Marcia Migueis Berardinelli3, Marcia Antonieta Cruz4, Irma da Silva Brito5

1Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil

2Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

3Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

4Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Porto, PT, Brazil

5Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify scientific evidence for the application of World Café in health disciplines and research. Method: Registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TM7QR), the method will follow the steps proposed in the JBI Review Manual: identification of the research question; identification of relevant studies; selection of studies; data analysis; grouping, synthesis, and presentation of data. The search strategy was developed in consultation with the descriptors DeCS/MeSH and the natural language of the consulted databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE/Pubmed, CINAHL, and Virtual Health Library). The inclusion criteria are: articles available in full in Portuguese, English, or Spanish languages that used the World Café methodology. Editorials, letters, congress abstracts, notes, or reviews will be excluded. It is expected to systematize and support knowledge about the use of World Café in health interventions and scientific research, contributing to advocate for the use of this dialogical and qualitative methodology, in the co-creation of scientific knowledge.

Descriptors: Methodology as a Subject; Community-Based Participatory Research; Review Literature as Topic.

INTRODUCTION

The use of active methodologies as a teaching-learning strategy and data collection for research has provided the construction of knowledge, from the opinion and experience of individuals. Dialogue and interaction make the process harmonious, making the person feel at ease to express himself while stimulating the production of knowledge based on the solution of practical and complex thematic problems broadly and collectively. In addition, it allows knowledge and skills to be captured and exploited in an easy, deep, and creative way(1-2).

An active methodology that has been widely used to stimulate the search for answers to situations and problems is World Café.

Considered a creative process based on conversations between individuals, in a collective and collaborative elaboration, World Café is configured as an effective method for the co-creation of knowledge and techniques valid for data collection in scientific research. It combines methodological rigor with relevance and speed(3).

This data collection method has the potential to reduce the time of collection and bridge the gap in knowledge production and transfer. However, World Café needs to be rigorous to be fully applicable as a method of data collection for research(3).

It was developed by Juanita Brown and David Isaacs in 1995, in California, from an informal meeting with a small group of business and academic leaders who positioned themselves around a table and started a conversation. From that moment there were relevant records described on the towel and after being interrupted by rain, these leaders resumed the conversation by adding other people to the group, rescuing the same subject written on the tablecloth. None of the participants had any idea that they were about to produce a social innovation that would quickly spread around the world(4).

In this context, the principle of the method aims to offer a social technology with the potential to engage people in important conversations. Participants are divided into groups to talk about a particular topic, previously chosen. The conversations take place in short rounds and at the end of each, the groups are reset so that the participants will mingle when talking to different people. Changing the composition of the groups during the activity ensures maximum variation in the combination of ideas, pollinating diversity. The higher the pollination of ideas, the better the result of World Café. It is configured as a dialogical methodology and very useful to stimulate participation while collecting data(5-6).

Considering that World Café can be developed with groups from different areas of activity, this proposal is to know how this methodology has been applied in the disciplines of health and scientific research. The purpose is to encourage the use of this dialogical and qualitative method as a tool for the co-creation of scientific knowledge.

Authors point out that the scope review is important to systematize knowledge, because it allows the mapping of evidence on a given topic, reliably and with quality(7–9).

The development of a review protocol is an essential feature and should precede the study of a high-quality review. In cases of scope and systematic reviews, the protocol should be composed of objectives containing, above all, the detailing of all the steps that involve the review process. This process assists both researchers in Information Science and the health area in conducting a literature review(10).

In this perspective, this protocol will allow the development and conclusion of this scope review, which aims to: identify the scientific evidence for the application of World Café in health disciplines and scientific research.

METHOD

This scope review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF), with DOI number: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TM7QR.

The method will be developed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual, fulfilling the following steps: 1-Identification of the research question; 2-Identification of the relevant studies; 3-Selection of studies; 4-Data Analysis; 5-Grouping, Synthesis and Data Presentation(11).

Given the interactive nature of this type of review, changes that occur during the development of this protocol will be informed in the scope review article.

The question formulation strategy was developed from the PCC mnemonic (Population, Concept and Context): Population: scientific research and teaching-learning disciplines; Concept: World Coffee method; Context: in Health(7).

Thus, the guiding question of this review is: what are the evidences for the application of World Café in health disciplines and scientific research?

The search strategy was developed from keywords that emerge from the guiding question and consultation of synonyms or related terms (DeCS/MeSH descriptors and natural language) carried out in the languages: Portuguese, English and Spanish, selected in the portal of the Virtual Health Library (BVS). The descriptors, their alternative terms and Boolean operators used are: ("world coffee") OR ("world coffee") OR ("worldcafe") OR ("world-cafe") OR ("world-cafe") OR ("world-cafe").

When considering the need to map: “how?” “where?” and “why?” World Café is applied in disciplines or research, the databases consulted, in this phase of development of the review, were: Web of Science, MEDLINE Pubmed, CINAHL and LILACS.

Full access to the selected articles may be through the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) portal, in the sector of the Federated Academic Community (CAFE), with the login provided by the Federal University of Amazonas, or by the Library of the Higher School of Nursing of Coimbra/Portugal or by Google Academic. Other search methods may be adopted to access the full articles, such as: Websites or Organizations. The sources of the analyzed and selected articles are available in the database. The articles selected and available in the databases consulted were downloaded in RIS format.

The first analysis of the articles found in the databases will be through Rayyan, a web application (free) developed by QCRI (Qatar Computing Research Institute) that assists review studies. The collaborators were previously guided and trained to use this Rayyan tool and then read the title and abstract of the articles. The inclusion criteria used were: complete articles that answered the research question, in Portuguese, English and/or Spanish, regardless of the time limit. Manuscripts that did not use the World Café method in any of the data collection phases, or repeated, were excluded in this first round of selection. Editorial publications, letters, congress abstracts, notes, and reviews were also excluded.

Decisions on screening rounds, blinding criteria, exclusion procedures, and reconciliation were previously established to select articles that fully respond to the guiding question of this review. The articles that did not have a consensus between the two evaluators were sent for consideration by the two main researchers because only these had access to the articles analyzed by each pair. The collaborators, who are also authors or co-authors in any of the studies found in the databases, will not have direct participation in the stages of selection and analysis of the data of their respective studies. The Prisma 2020(12) flowchart will be used to describe the process of inclusion and exclusion of articles.

For the selected articles, the critical evaluation tool for systematic reviews of JBI will be applied, according to the type of study: analytical cross-sectional, case-control, case-study, quasi-experimental, clinical, and qualitative trials(11).

The general information that will be extracted from each article selected for full reading will be: DOI number or access link, the country in which the study was conducted, year of publication, problem in focus, objective, type of study, use of other data collection methods, besides World Cafe, type of participants, description of how World Cafe was developed and the results found.

The extraction phases of the information will be carried out after team meetings for training on data extraction due to the number of articles found will analyze the articles grouped by the following contexts: Informal Care; School Health, Vulnerable Population, Chronic Diseases, Community, Policies and other topics.

The feasibility verification and final extraction phase will be carried out by two employees who will work sequentially to review data extraction.

All information will be entered into a shared Excel spreadsheet and discussed, collegially, among the employees involved. Divergent extraction decisions will be resolved by the two main researchers.

The raw data extracted from the articles included in the review can be analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively so that the data is (re)encoded or (re)categorized from the variables of interest.

To avoid publication bias, the review article will be structured from the PRISMA-SCR (Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist(13).

Ethical aspects

This study will not be submitted for evaluation by the Ethics Committee, because it is a research carried out exclusively with scientific texts for the Scope Review. However, ethical issues regarding copyright will be respected, as well as properly referenced.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors have declared that there is no conflict of interests.

FUNDING

This paper was carried out with the support of the Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – Brazil (CAPES) – Financing Code 001 – for the Graduate Support Program (POSGD) 2023-2024 of the Research Support Foundation of the State of Amazonas (FAPEAM) and the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM). Process No.: 01.02.016301.03243/2023-38.

REFERENCES

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Submissão: 17-July-2023

Aprovado: 11-Apr-2024