PREVIEW NOTES
Cardiovascular risk in the nursing team: a descriptive study
Marcela Paulino Moreira da Silva1, Claudinalle Farias Queiroz de Souza2, Dândara Nayara Azevêdo Dantas1, Iza Cristiane Costa Paiva3, Bertha Cruz Enders1
1Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
2Pernambuco University
3Agamenon Magalhães Hospital
ABSTRACT
Aim: To analyze the cardiovascular risk factors in the nursing team.
Method: a study with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. The study population will comprise the nursing team, made up of 110 professionals. Data will be collected through a survey form for clinical, demographic and laboratory data about the population and the Framingham score. Furthermore, respondents will undergo measurements with regard to blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference, collection of material for laboratory analysis of blood sugar, total cholesterol and HDL. A database for the analysis will be made with the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 software, which will also be used to perform a descriptive assessment establishing mean and standard deviation for continuous variables, and frequency and percentages for categorical variables. This project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital.
Descriptors: Nursing; Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases.
SITUATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
In most countries, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, accounting for about 20% of all deaths of individuals older than 30 years of age(1). The drastic changes in lifestyle which characterize contemporary society contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), and may be related to occupational or socioeconomic issues and dietary habits, among others(2). In this sense, nursing staff professionals commonly show a history of physical inactivity, family history risk factors and relatively high waist circumference. In addition, this a profession with high levels of occupational stress(3). Thus, considering that one’s health conditions manifest themselves most often through one’s physical and/or mental condition, we highlight the impact of these factors on the quality of life of the health professional.
The need for developing a study to analyze CRF in a nursing team is based on the fact that this population is involved in administrative and care activities that are subject to a high workload involving exhausting and stressful work, in fragile working conditions. Such circumstances, together with common social life activities, may affect the quality of their lives and increase the chance and magnitude of risks to their health. Providing guidance for health professionals with the aim of guarding against health risks contributes to a better understanding of nursing staff regarding the theme addressed here, since the adoption of preventive actions has been reckoned to be a measure of great importance in the approach to CVD matters in this scenario, and serves as a warning in terms of the CRF that can trigger heart disease, with possible harm to the health of this population. We expect that the results will awaken and sensitize staff in the population being studied about those lifestyle habits that may have a negative effect on their health. In turn, this might stimulate the development of a healthy lifestyle after perceiving the possible modifiable cardiovascular risk factors that may exist.
GUIDING QUESTION
Which CRF are present in the nursing team, and what are their odds of developing cardiovascular disease, according to the Framingham score?
MAIN GOAL
To analyze the CRF in nursing staff.
SPECIFIC GOALS
METHOD
This is a study that adopts a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. The research will be conducted at a main cardiology state hospital, located in the city of Recife (PE). The study population will comprise the professionals who make up the day and night shift nursing teams in the following cardiology departments: hemodynamics, ward, intensive care unit and surgical center, totaling 110 professionals. Data collection will occur between September and December 2015. Nurses, nursing technicians and assistants will be included in the study. The exclusion criteria will be as follows: workers on vacation or leave of any kind. The following instruments will be used for data collection: a form to survey the clinical, demographic and laboratory data of the population; and the Framingham score as a tool to stratify the cardiovascular risk of the individuals, considering the sum of individual clinical characteristics (age, total cholesterol, HDL, blood pressure, diabetes and smoking), and classifying the cardiovascular risk as low (below 10%), intermediate (10% to 20%) or high (above 20%). Then, the study participants will undergo the measurement of blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference, and the collection of material for laboratory evaluation with regard to blood glucose, total cholesterol and HDL for the analysis and stratification of cardiovascular risk.
Subsequently, the results of the laboratory tests will be given to the professionals and they will receive individualized guidance about the risks regarding their cardiovascular profile. A database using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0 will be built for the data analysis, involving a descriptive assessment in terms of mean and standard deviation for continuous variables, and frequency and percentages for categorical variables. The study data will be analyzed according to the stratification of the population into two groups: mid-level (nursing assistants and technicians) and higher-education professionals. In comparison, for the analysis of the frequencies, the chi-square test will be used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the study site, under CAAE: 32557114.7.0000.5197 and complies with Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council that regulates research using human subjects.
REFERENCES
1. Mansur AP, Favarato D. Mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares no Brasil e na região metropolitana de São Paulo: atualização 2011. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. [ Internet ]. 2012 Aug [ cited 2015 Oct 23 ] 99(2):755-61.Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0066-782X2012001100010
2. Muniz LC, Schneider BC, Silva IC, Matjasevch A, Santos IS. Accumulated behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Southern Brazil. Rev. Saúde Pública [ online ].2012 Mar 27 [ Cited 2015 Ago 5 ] 46(3). Available from:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S003489102012005000021&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
3. Oliveira JDC, Pessoa Júnior JM, Miranda FAN, Cavalcante ES, Almeida MG. Stress of nurses in emergency care: a social representations study. Online braz j nurs [ internet ]. 2014 Jun [ cited 2015 ago 5 ] 13 (2):150-7. Available from: http://www. objnursing.uff.br/index.php/nursing/article/view/4342
All authors participated in the phases of this publication in one or more of the following steps, in According to the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE, 2013): (a) substantial involvement in the planning or preparation of the manuscript or in the collection, analysis or interpretation of data; (b) preparation of the manuscript or conducting critical revision of intellectual content; (c) approval of the versión submitted of this manuscript. All authors declare for the appropriate purposes that the responsibilities related to all aspects of the manuscript submitted to OBJN are yours. They ensure that issues related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the article were properly investigated and resolved. Therefore, they exempt the OBJN of any participation whatsoever in any imbroglios concerning the content under consideration. All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest of financial or personal nature concerning this manuscript which may influence the writing and/or interpretation of the findings. This statement has been digitally signed by all authors as recommended by the ICMJE, whose model is available in http://www.objnursing.uff.br/normas/DUDE_eng_13-06-2013.pdf
Received: 09/29/2015
Revised: 11/20/2015
Approved: 11/23/2015