PREVIEW NOTES

Preceptorship in a HIV/AIDS specialized ambulatory of a College Hospital: an ethnographic study

Cosme Sueli de Faria Pereira¹, Cláudia Mara de Melo Tavares²

^1,2 Fluminense Federal University

ABSTRACT
This is a dissertation project with regard to the Professional Master’s Program in Education of Health from Fluminense Federal University.
Aim: to analyze the development of preceptorship in the HIV Specialized Ambulatorial Service of a college hospital.
Method: this study will be performed using exploratory methods, with a qualitative approach, of an ethnographic type. It will use as data collection instruments, observational participation and semi-structured interviews with teachers, preceptors and students. The topic content analysis will be applied over the data collected. The ethical aspects will be followed according to Resolution 466/12, of the Brazilian National Health Council (CNS, in Portuguese).
Descriptors: HIV; Preceptoship; Interpersonal Relations; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

PROBLEM SITUATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

This research has, as an investigative problem, the role of preceptors in a college hospital that educates several different types of health professionals. It is an investigation supported by a humanistic perspective that considers the challenges involved in the assistance of users of a HIV Specialized Ambulatory Service (SAEH, in Portuguese).

The service studied is structured to accommodate a diverse range of students (residents and undergraduates) from the area of health. It is part of a federal college hospital in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, and it is has operated fully for more than a decade.

The hospital is part of a college hospital complex located in the central region of the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is located on an avenue which is the route of the main bus lines of the city, near to train, subway and bus stations.

The data from the Epidemiological Bulletin 2010 show that 608,230 cases of AIDS were notified from 1980 to June 2011.  Of these, 397,662 (65.4%) cases were found in men and 210,538 (34.6%) in women. In terms of those contaminated through sexual relations, there were 6 cases of AIDS in men to one case in women in 1989.  In 2009, this proportion had reached 16 cases in men to every 10 in women, involving, by the end of this year, 15,069 new cases among women only.⁽¹⁾ This data reveals an expansion in the number of cases of AIDS in women, changing the initial perspective related to this syndrome, amplifying the possibility of dissemination to beyond what was projected at the beginning.

Therefore, today, AIDS is an epidemic that is not related only to the biological dimension, but one which requires all of us to face a situation related to social and behavioral questions, such as prejudice, stigma and abandonment. Such a perspective demands a broader education on the part of health professionals requiring them to know how to deal with the complexities imposed by the situation. Therefore, we understand that the need for preparedness on the part of health professionals to deal with the complex demands of this section of the population is undeniable.

Changes in lifestyle that transform contents and meanings, values and behaviors, rhythms and senses, subjects and objectives, motivate the daily routine of the educator. From the teacher as an “information transmitter”, there is a need to change to being a teacher as a “learning motivator”, who incites teamwork, who motivates the student to perform his research and reports, who creates continuous categories for a dialogue between the student, the teacher and society. Interdisciplinarity as a motivating principle of the university, and as a support to State and society structure, requires individual and collective teaching practice that is experienced by all the people involved, and is shared by all. The recognition of individual limitations and the opportunity to build together with others occurs when interdisciplinary teamwork is undertaken.⁽²⁾

GUIDING QUESTIONS

How is the preceptorship of undergraduate and resident students of the area of health done in the SAEH of a college hospital? What are the strategies used by the preceptors to guide the students in the area of health with regard to confronting the inherent challenges of the observation of users of the SAEH? How does interdisciplinarity and intersectoriality work in the SAEH of a college hospital?

AIMS

General aim: to analyze the development of preceptorship in the SAEH of a college hospital.

Secondary aim: to describe how the preceptorship of undergraduate students and residents in the area of health is developed in the SAEH of a college hospital; to identify the strategies used by the preceptors to guide the students in the area of health in order to confront the inherent challenges of the observation of the users of the SAEH in a college hospital and; to discuss the activities to promote interdisciplinarity and intersectoriality in the SAEH of a college hospital.

METHOD

This is a descriptive piece of research, that adopts a qualitative approach of an ethnographic type. The subjects of this research will be teachers, preceptors, undergraduate students and residents placed in the SAEH, in regular academic activity in the period defined. The exclusion criteria will be those subjects who opt out of participating in this study, and those professionals on leave during the period of data collection. To perform the collection of information, the following instruments will be used: participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The second of these will be divided into two steps: firstly, there will be questions about the profile of the interviewed subject, such as their professional background and experience in the area of work, while secondly there will be with questions regarding the objectives of this study. Data collection will be performed during the period from October 2013 to March 2014. The data acquired will be analyzed according to the thematic analysis of content and interpreted based on the Theoretical Reference of Edgar Morin.⁽³⁾

REFERENCES

1. Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Boletim epidemiológico AIDS e DST. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011.

2. Mourão LC, L'Abbate S. Professorial implications in curricula transformations in the field of health: a socio-historical analisys. Online braz j nurs [ Internet ]. 2011 Dec [ cited 2013 Sept 7 ] 10 (3): [ about 5 p. ]. Available from: http://www.objnursing.uff.br/index.php/nursing/article/view/3423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1676-4285.20113423

3. Morin E. Os setes saberes necessários à educação do futuro. 2. ed. São Paulo: Cortez Editora; 2011.

DATA OF THE PROJECT
Based on the Resolution 466/12 – the project was sent to the Ethics Committee of the Medicine School of Antonio Pedro College Hospital/Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.

Received: 02/09/2013
Revised: 15/09/2013
Approved: 15/09/2013